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来源：彩之家app2023-08-21 17:48

浙江今年粮食作物总产量124.2亿斤多措并举守住粮食安全******

浙江今年粮食作物总产量124.2亿斤多措并举守住粮食安全

　　浙江某地农田。　浙江省农业农村厅供图

　　中新网杭州12月28日电 (钱晨菲)“今年晚稻生长季，整整四十多天没下雨真令人着急。好在政府给我们安排了技术指导、保险理赔、水利灌溉等多个专家服务组下乡指导。今年我承包的6000亩粮田，可生产稻谷330万公斤左右。”浙江省嘉兴市秀洲区新塍镇万民村种粮大户黄金林说。据了解，截至目前，秀洲区已有13万亩晚稻颗粒归仓。

　　如何牢牢稳住粮食安全这块“压舱石”？浙江交出了答卷。日前，国家统计局浙江调查总队发布统计数据显示：2022年，浙江粮食总播种面积1530.7万亩，比去年增长超20万亩；亩均产量405.7公斤，较去年略有下降；粮食作物总产量124.2亿斤，与去年持平。

　　“持平”，看似平淡，实则来之不易。

　　回望2022年，疫情多点散发，夏秋季出现持续高温干旱天气……“面对多重困难和挑战，浙江粮食生产交出了较好的答卷。”浙江省农业农村厅种植业处有关负责人表示，该省通过“用增量补损失”，持续深入推进“非粮化”整治，挖掘粮食扩种空间，大力推广高产优质品种和绿色增产增效种植技术，扩面积、增产量、提品质、保效益、育动能，守住粮食安全。

　　124.2亿斤，这是“抢”回来的收成，更是一份沉甸甸的答卷。

　　今年以来，浙江全省各地全面落实粮食安全党政同责，多措并举提高粮食综合产能，一季接着一季、一个田块接着一个田块抓动员、抓部署、抓落实。今年7至8月，持续炎热天气“暴击”浙江，直接影响单季晚稻幼穗分化和连作晚稻秧苗生长。面对高温干旱，该省各级农业农村部门联合应急、气象等部门，及时开展旱情调查和人工降雨作业，同时印发多个抗高温干旱技术指导意见，组织农技专家上门“问诊”，查苗情、查墒情，精准“把脉”、广辟水源、缓解旱情。该省累计派出服务组5242人次，服务主体5682家次。

　　耕地是粮食生产的“命根子”。今年以来，浙江坚决稳妥有力推进粮食生产功能区整治优化。截至12月16日，该省完成粮食生产功能区整治优化223.5万亩，已基本完成整治优化任务。同时加强粮食生产功能区整治优化后地块的适粮化改造，推进沟、路、渠等基础设施改造提升。如今，一批批路相通、渠相连、旱能灌、涝能排的优质高产农田在“浙”里建成。

　　答卷背后，是“真金白银”的投入。今年，浙江省财政对50亩以上粮油规模种植主体每亩补助120元；对订单收购小麦、早稻、晚稻每百斤分别奖励30元、30元和20元，其中早稻订单收购实现全覆盖。各地更是在浙江省级政策“礼包”基础上，纷纷“加码”。如杭州市本级安排种粮直补资金3600万元，比上年增加966万元，种粮大户平均直补达每亩381元；绍兴市越城区给予早稻机械插秧每亩补贴60元，配方肥补助从每吨300元提高到500元……

浙江某地农田。　浙江省农业农村厅供图

　　“在持续抓好既有政策落实的基础上，我省又突破创新三项政策。”浙江省农业农村厅有关处室负责人介绍，该省启动实施了省级规模种粮动态补贴，根据种粮成本监测，确定今年省级规模种粮动态补贴为每亩22元；稻谷最低收购价在国家基础上每百斤增加4元，是稻谷最低收购价最高的省份之一；实行全省域水稻完全成本保险，保障程度从最高每亩1000元提高到1400元。

　　答卷背后，更是强有力的“智慧”支撑。记者从浙江省农技推广中心了解到，今年以来，该省层层组织开展粮食绿色高产创建，建设部级粮食绿色高质高效行动示范县9个，省级粮食绿色高产高效示范片(攻关方)383个，推广稻田综合种养技术模式60多万亩，亩均增收2000元以上。同时，大力推广水稻叠盘出苗育秧等高产高效技术，提高新品种、新技术、新模式集成应用效果。

　　良种良法配套，农机农艺融合。目前，浙江农机装备总量持续增加，农机作业水平快速提高，越来越多“科技味”在田垄间体现。浙江省畜牧农机发展中心相关负责人介绍，浙江今年累计投入联合收割机和插秧机3.1万台套，累计已机收水稻近990.5万亩，收获机械化率达96%；建立农机应急作业服务队167支，为疫情管控地区作业服务2.6万亩。(完)

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中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

　　中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。

　　2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

　　日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

　　日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

　　事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。

　　因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。

　　日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

　　《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

　　德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

　　日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

　　国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。

　　太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。

　　Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

　　By John Lee

　　(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

　　Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

　　The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

　　On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

　　The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

　　In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

　　Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

　　The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

　　The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

　　The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

　　According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

　　As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

　　However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

　　Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

　　The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

　　If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.